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JAMH Call for Papers Journal of African Military History - Special Issue: New Histories of the Southern African Liberation Struggles The intertwined wars to bring majority-rule to the Southern African states are rightfully understood in African history both as the triumphs of pan-African solidarity and complex events that interwove both local struggles for authority and global ideological competition. Initial nationalist histories traced the rise and political activities of the liberation fronts while more global views explored the cooperation of African actors with international patrons such as Russia, China, and Cuba in their attempts to leverage Cold War dynamics in an effort to attain their freedom. These often ultimately proved to be more official histories that played up the successes of the liberation struggles against the white redoubt countries as well as the international and Pan-African cooperation that allowed these successes However, the past decade has seen the continued expansion of historical inquiry into these conflicts. Both on the continent and abroad, critical archives have been opened and their documentation being woven into the historical narratives of the conflicts, such as the emergent work on the ALCORA exercises by Robert McNamara and Felipe Rebeiro de Meneses. Access to a plethora of previously unreachable or forgotten interview subjects has established new narratives of the struggles themselves, such as in the works of Joanne MacGregor, Joceylyn Alexander, Christian Williams, or Marc Thomas Howard. Topics that had not previous been studied in a systemic aaptest1@yahoo.com way, such as African participationAAP_test@outlook.com in the struggles against the liberation fronts or the logistics of sustaining the far-flung struggles, have been explored, establishing new bodies of knowledge about these complex conflicts. Simply put, while there have been published historical narratives and knowledge about these struggles since the days of their waging, newer work has both enhanced and expanded on these early publications and there remains more new scholarship emerging. The intent of this special issue is continuing these efforts and publishing new scholarly perspectives on the planning, waging, and inherited narratives of the struggles for the final liberation of Africa while at the same time uncovering varied aspects of these intertwined vijayalaxmi@facebook.com conflicts which have received little or no previous scholarly attention We are particularly interested in contributions exploring the following topics regarding either side of the conflict: - Internal alliances and military cooperation; - Operational planning and direct military engagements; - Recruitment, mobilization and manpower; - Veterans and demobilization; - Labor, industry and sustainment of the struggles; - Gender, masculinity, and the role of women; - Resistance, political activism and interment; - Propaganda, espionage and counterintelligence; - malivijaya975@gmail.com External connections and interactions; - Legacy, commemoration and historical memory; The special issue will consider articles submitted in English. If you are interested in proposing a paper on these or any other topics, please contact Dr Charles Thomas or Dr. Bafumiki Mocheregwa . Abstracts should be submitted by 30 November 2025, with completed essays due by 31 April 2026. Scholars interested in editing future special issues should contact the journal’s managing editors, Roy Doron and Charles G Thomas at doronrs@wssu.edu and Contact Information Dr Charles Thomasor Dr. Bafumiki Mocheregwa Contact Email URL: https://brill.com/view/journals/jamh/jamh-overview.xml?contents=editorialcontent-62994

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When you buy a device, you will often see both screen size and resolution listed in the specs. The screensize is the physical measurement diagonally of the screen in inches. This is not to be confused with the resolution, which is the number of pixels on the screen often displayed as a width by height (i.e. 1024×768). Because devices with the same screen size can have very different resolutions, developers use viewports when they’re creating mobile friendly pages. Viewports are scaled down versions of resolutions that allows sites to be viewed more consistently across different devices. Viewports are often more standardized and smaller than resolution sizes.

While desktop and laptop displays are in landscape orientation (wider than tall), many mobile devices can be rotated to show websites in both landscape and portrait (taller than wide) orientations. This means that designers and developers must design for these differences.

Understanding Porter's Five Forces
When Porter's article was published, strategic models loved acronyms (SWOT, PEST, PESTEL, BCG Matrix, ETPS, etc.) and focused on the internal dynamics of individual companies.2
Jovo Ateljević et al. "Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage: A Reinterpretation of Michael Porter's Work," Pages 55-80. Routledge, 2023.

But, they were vague in their exploration of the competitive business environment. For instance, the opportunities and threats of SWOT analysis were too macro for many dealing with specific industry challenges.

How can I improve my mental health?
There are many different things you can do to improve your mental health, including:

Staying positive. It's important to try to have a positive outlook; some ways to do that include:
Finding balance between positive and negative emotions. Staying positive doesn't mean that you never feel negative emotions, such as sadness or anger. You need to feel them so that you can move through difficult situations. They can help you to respond to a problem. But you don't want those emotions to take over. For example, it's not helpful to keep thinking about bad things that happened in the past or worry too much about the future.
Trying to hold on to the positive emotions when you have them
Taking a break from negative information. Know when to stop watching or reading the news. Use social media to reach out for support and feel connected to others but be careful. Don't fall for rumors, get into arguments, or negatively compare your life to others.
Practicing gratitude, which means being thankful for the good things in your life. It's helpful to do this every day, either by thinking about what you are grateful for or writing it down in a journal. These can be big things, such as the support you have from loved ones, or little things, such as enjoying a nice meal. It's important to allow yourself a moment to enjoy that you had the positive experience. Practicing gratitude can help you to see your life differently. For example, when you are stressed, you may not notice that there are also moments when you have some positive emotions. Gratitude can help you to recognize them.
Taking care of your physical health, since your physical and mental health are connected. Some ways to take care of your physical health include:
Being physically active. Exercise can reduce feelings of stress and depression and improve your mood.
Getting enough sleep. Sleep affects your mood. If you don't get a good sleep, you may become more easily annoyed and angry. Over the long term, a lack of quality sleep can make you more likely to become depressed. So it's important to make sure that you have a regular sleep schedule and get enough quality sleep every night.
Healthy eating. Good nutrition will help you feel better physically but could also improve your mood and decrease anxiety and stress. Also, not having enough of certain nutrients may contribute to some mental illnesses. For example, there may be a link between low levels of vitamin B12 and depression. Eating a well-balanced diet can help you to get enough of the nutrients you need.
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Stress management offers a range of ways to help you better deal with stress and difficulty, also called adversity, in your life. Managing stress can help you lead a more balanced, healthier life.

Stress is an automatic physical, mental and emotional response to a difficult event. It's a common part of everyone's life. When used positively, stress can lead to growth, action and change. But negative, long-term stress can lessen your quality of life.

Stress management approaches include:

Learning skills such as problem-solving, focusing on important tasks first and managing your time.
Improving your ability to cope with difficult events that happen in life. For example, you may learn how to improve your emotional awareness and reactions. You also may learn how to increase your sense of control. And you may find greater meaning and purpose in life and have more gratitude and optimism.
Practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, yoga, meditation, tai chi, exercise and prayer.
Improving your personal relationships.

Federal guidelines suggest minimum daily amounts for vitamins and key minerals. However, unless you need to increase your intake for specific ones because of a deficiency or other medical reason, following so many numbers can be confusing.

The best approach to ensure you get a variety of vitamins and minerals, and in the proper amounts, is to adopt a broad healthy diet. This involves an emphasis on fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans and legumes, low-fat protein, and dairy products. The good news is that many common foods contain multiple mineral and vitamin sources, so it is easy to meet your daily needs from everyday meals.

Here are some of the best foods for vitamins and minerals from the Harvard Medical School Special Heath
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There are several types of diabetes. The most common forms include:

Type 2 diabetes: With this type, your body doesn’t make enough insulin and/or your body’s cells don’t respond normally to the insulin (insulin resistance). This is the most common type of diabetes. It mainly affects adults, but children can have it as well.
Prediabetes: This type is the stage before Type 2 diabetes. Your blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be officially diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes: This type is an autoimmune disease in which your immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in your pancreas for unknown reasons. Up to 10% of people who have diabetes have Type 1. It’s usually diagnosed in children and young adults, but it can develop at any age.
Gestational diabetes: This type develops in some people during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after pregnancy. However, if you have gestational diabetes, you’re at a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.
Other types of diabetes include:

Type 3c diabetes: This form of diabetes happens when your pancreas experiences damage (other than autoimmune damage), which affects its ability to produce insulin. Pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, cystic fibrosis and hemochromatosis can all lead to pancreas damage that causes diabetes. Having your pancreas removed (pancreatectomy) also results in Type 3c.
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): Like Type 1 diabetes, LADA also results from an autoimmune reaction, but it develops much more slowly than Type 1. People diagnosed with LADA are usually over the age of 30.
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): MODY, also called monogenic diabetes, happens due to an inherited genetic mutation that affects how your body makes and uses insulin. There are currently over 10 different types of MODY. It affects up to 5% of people with diabetes and commonly runs in families.
Neonatal diabetes: This is a rare form of diabetes that occurs within the first six months of life. It’s also a form of monogenic diabetes. About 50% of babies with neonatal diabetes have the lifelong form called permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. For the other half, the condition disappears within a few months from onset, but it can come back later in life. This is called transient neonatal diabetes mellitus.
Brittle diabetes: Brittle diabetes is a form of Type 1 diabetes that’s marked by frequent and severe episodes of high and low blood sugar levels. This instability often leads to hospitalization. In rare cases, a pancreas transplant may be necessary to permanently treat brittle diabetes.

A simple checklist consisting of a list of the desired behaviors

Children’s brains develop rapidly from ages birth through three. Brain development affects all areas of a child’s growth.

There are four main areas of development: motor (physical), language and communication, social and emotional, and cognitive. Brain development is part of cognitive development. Cognitive development describes how a child’s intellect grows, and includes thinking, learning and problem-solving skills. These skills affect all other areas of development.

The first three years of a child’s life are critical for learning and development. Many parents ask how they can help their child’s brain develop. The best way is to actively engage your child through everyday activities like playing, reading and being there when he/she feels stress.

The degree to which attention impacts a student’s academic and social performance is related to the interactions between the student’s academic and behavioral needs and the environmental
demands.

Therefore, it is not unusual for the student to perform differently across settings.

Social media and technology offer us greater convenience and connectivity:

staying connected with family and friends worldwide via email, text, FaceTime, etc.
quick access to information and research
banking and bill pay at our fingertips
online learning, job skills, content discovery (YouTube)
involvement in civic engagement (fundraising, social awareness, provides a voice)
great marketing tools
opportunities for remote employment
Social media can be a good thing, but if teens ever feel uncomfortable about something they see or read on social, they should trust their own feelings and talk to someone – a parent, a teacher, or another trusted adult. Bullying, threats and cruelty on social media are all signs that the person doing those things needs help.

Social media usage
Back in 2005, when social media was still in its infancy, only about 5 percent of users in the United States were involved in social media. In 2019, that number grew to about 70 percent.

Pew Research Center surveyed social media usage and popularity among US adults early in 2019. The survey found that while the most-used social platforms for adults are YouTube and Facebook; teens prefer SnapChat and Instagram, while TikTok is reportedly the fastest growing social network among younger users.
Social media use is nearly universal among today’s teens. Pew Research Center reports 97 percent of 13- to 17-year-olds use at least one of seven major online platforms.
The amount of time spent on social sites is astounding. One report indicates the average teen ages 13 to 18 spends about nine hours on social media each day; tweens ages 8 to 12 are on for about six hours a day.
Like most things, using social media has its positives (the good), its cautionary tales (the bad), and dangers (the ugly) that lurk and impact the lives of many, but especially teens.