Soil conservation is the act of preserving and managing the soil to avoid soil degradation, erosion, and nutrient loss; and for the long-term fertility for growth of crops. Soil is the basis of plant life, supports biodiversity, and maintains ecological balance. With respect to tree plantations, it plays a role in tree growth, carbon sequestration, and the preservation of water.


To emphasize the importance of tree plantations to soil conservation is to recognize the fact that trees prevent soil erosion and make the land secure through their roots. Trees also add organic matter that boosts soil, effectively creating ideal conditions for thriving microbial life, allowing nutrient availability. Recognizing the need for tree plantation means recognizing the role of trees in natural protection against desertification and land degradation.

Tree plantations can, thus, protect the environment and contribute to building healthy soils. It, therefore, caters to better agricultural productivity, forest conservation, and climate change mitigation to sustain all mankind. Its purpose also disseminates the restoration of green cover, enhancing soil fertility, conserving water, and maintaining an ecosystem balance.

By putting into focus soil-conservation practices such as mulching, cover cropping, contour farming, and afforestation, we go a long way in ensuring that tree plantations are viable for generations to come in the conservation of our planet's most precious resource-soil.

The earth is the most significant component of life on this planet. Within trees and other flora and fauna, soil can be considered a cornerstone for plant growth, to sustain biodiversity and maintain the overall ecosystem balance. Soils, therefore, become central to be conserved in tree plantations for sustainable development, for preventing erosion, for improving water retention, and for carbon sequestration.

The significance of tree plantation is beyond beautification-it heals the soil. Trees bind the soil, add organic matter, and boost microbial activity; therefore plantation becomes more resilient. Practicing tree plantation is to heal land degradation and maintain balance with the environment.

The importance of tree plantation lies within the very fact that it influences the climate, enhances air quality, and conserves water-both of which depend on healthy soil. Because tree plantation is a very important and effective means of ecological restoration and sustainability.

This blog discusses soil conservation for sustainable tree plantations and good practices to sustain the soil health for a greener future.

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JAMH Call for Papers Journal of African Military History - Special Issue: New Histories of the Southern African Liberation Struggles The intertwined wars to bring majority-rule to the Southern African states are rightfully understood in African history both as the triumphs of pan-African solidarity and complex events that interwove both local struggles for authority and global ideological competition. Initial nationalist histories traced the rise and political activities of the liberation fronts while more global views explored the cooperation of African actors with international patrons such as Russia, China, and Cuba in their attempts to leverage Cold War dynamics in an effort to attain their freedom. These often ultimately proved to be more official histories that played up the successes of the liberation struggles against the white redoubt countries as well as the international and Pan-African cooperation that allowed these successes However, the past decade has seen the continued expansion of historical inquiry into these conflicts. Both on the continent and abroad, critical archives have been opened and their documentation being woven into the historical narratives of the conflicts, such as the emergent work on the ALCORA exercises by Robert McNamara and Felipe Rebeiro de Meneses. Access to a plethora of previously unreachable or forgotten interview subjects has established new narratives of the struggles themselves, such as in the works of Joanne MacGregor, Joceylyn Alexander, Christian Williams, or Marc Thomas Howard. Topics that had not previous been studied in a systemic aaptest1@yahoo.com way, such as African participationAAP_test@outlook.com in the struggles against the liberation fronts or the logistics of sustaining the far-flung struggles, have been explored, establishing new bodies of knowledge about these complex conflicts. Simply put, while there have been published historical narratives and knowledge about these struggles since the days of their waging, newer work has both enhanced and expanded on these early publications and there remains more new scholarship emerging. The intent of this special issue is continuing these efforts and publishing new scholarly perspectives on the planning, waging, and inherited narratives of the struggles for the final liberation of Africa while at the same time uncovering varied aspects of these intertwined vijayalaxmi@facebook.com conflicts which have received little or no previous scholarly attention We are particularly interested in contributions exploring the following topics regarding either side of the conflict: - Internal alliances and military cooperation; - Operational planning and direct military engagements; - Recruitment, mobilization and manpower; - Veterans and demobilization; - Labor, industry and sustainment of the struggles; - Gender, masculinity, and the role of women; - Resistance, political activism and interment; - Propaganda, espionage and counterintelligence; - malivijaya975@gmail.com External connections and interactions; - Legacy, commemoration and historical memory; The special issue will consider articles submitted in English. If you are interested in proposing a paper on these or any other topics, please contact Dr Charles Thomas or Dr. Bafumiki Mocheregwa . Abstracts should be submitted by 30 November 2025, with completed essays due by 31 April 2026. Scholars interested in editing future special issues should contact the journal’s managing editors, Roy Doron and Charles G Thomas at doronrs@wssu.edu and Contact Information Dr Charles Thomasor Dr. Bafumiki Mocheregwa Contact Email URL: https://brill.com/view/journals/jamh/jamh-overview.xml?contents=editorialcontent-62994

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First, determine how many calories you need in your overall diet
The easiest way to determine how many calories you need is to weigh yourself at least 3 times a week and record what you eat using a calorie tracking app.

If your weight stays the same throughout the week, the amount of calories you eat is considered your “maintenance” level. You’re not losing or gaining weight but maintaining it.

Aim to increaseTrusted Source your calorie intake by about 15% during your bulking phase. For example, if you eat 3,000 calories daily to maintain weight, you should eat around 3,450 calories daily (3,000 x 0.15 = 450) to bulk.

Decrease your maintenance calories by about 15% to transition from a bulking to a cutting phase. In this example, you would consume 2,550 calories per day instead of 3,450.

Plan to revisit your calorie goals every month to account for changes in your weight. Increase your calories as you gain weight in the bulking phase and decrease your calories as you lose weight in the cutting phase for continued progression.

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JAMH Call for Papers Journal of African Military History - Special Issue: New Histories of the Southern African Liberation Struggles The intertwined wars to bring majority-rule to the Southern African states are rightfully understood in African history both as the triumphs of pan-African solidarity and complex events that interwove both local struggles for authority and global ideological competition. Initial nationalist histories traced the rise and political activities of the liberation fronts while more global views explored the cooperation of African actors with international patrons such as Russia, China, and Cuba in their attempts to leverage Cold War dynamics in an effort to attain their freedom. These often ultimately proved to be more official histories that played up the successes of the liberation struggles against the white redoubt countries as well as the international and Pan-African cooperation that allowed these successes However, the past decade has seen the continued expansion of historical inquiry into these conflicts. Both on the continent and abroad, critical archives have been opened and their documentation being woven into the historical narratives of the conflicts, such as the emergent work on the ALCORA exercises by Robert McNamara and Felipe Rebeiro de Meneses. Access to a plethora of previously unreachable or forgotten interview subjects has established new narratives of the struggles themselves, such as in the works of Joanne MacGregor, Joceylyn Alexander, Christian Williams, or Marc Thomas Howard. Topics that had not previous been studied in a systemic aaptest1@yahoo.com way, such as African participationAAP_test@outlook.com in the struggles against the liberation fronts or the logistics of sustaining the far-flung struggles, have been explored, establishing new bodies of knowledge about these complex conflicts. Simply put, while there have been published historical narratives and knowledge about these struggles since the days of their waging, newer work has both enhanced and expanded on these early publications and there remains more new scholarship emerging. The intent of this special issue is continuing these efforts and publishing new scholarly perspectives on the planning, waging, and inherited narratives of the struggles for the final liberation of Africa while at the same time uncovering varied aspects of these intertwined vijayalaxmi@facebook.com conflicts which have received little or no previous scholarly attention We are particularly interested in contributions exploring the following topics regarding either side of the conflict: - Internal alliances and military cooperation; - Operational planning and direct military engagements; - Recruitment, mobilization and manpower; - Veterans and demobilization; - Labor, industry and sustainment of the struggles; - Gender, masculinity, and the role of women; - Resistance, political activism and interment; - Propaganda, espionage and counterintelligence; - malivijaya975@gmail.com External connections and interactions; - Legacy, commemoration and historical memory; The special issue will consider articles submitted in English. If you are interested in proposing a paper on these or any other topics, please contact Dr Charles Thomas or Dr. Bafumiki Mocheregwa . Abstracts should be submitted by 30 November 2025, with completed essays due by 31 April 2026. Scholars interested in editing future special issues should contact the journal’s managing editors, Roy Doron and Charles G Thomas at doronrs@wssu.edu and Contact Information Dr Charles Thomasor Dr. Bafumiki Mocheregwa Contact Email URL: https://brill.com/view/journals/jamh/jamh-overview.xml?contents=editorialcontent-62994

Youtube link:

https://youtu.be/xHBhFKBLhWs?si=DFbBXVRCBpRbAjly



Normal web link:

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sql/index.htm


Facebook link: https://www.facebook.com/

Twitter link: https://twitter.com/

https://conta.cc/4mL42ti


https://awardfellowships.org/emergingwomeninscience

JAMH Call for Papers Journal of African Military History - Special Issue: New Histories of the Southern African Liberation Struggles The intertwined wars to bring majority-rule to the Southern African states are rightfully understood in African history both as the triumphs of pan-African solidarity and complex events that interwove both local struggles for authority and global ideological competition. Initial nationalist histories traced the rise and political activities of the liberation fronts while more global views explored the cooperation of African actors with international patrons such as Russia, China, and Cuba in their attempts to leverage Cold War dynamics in an effort to attain their freedom. These often ultimately proved to be more official histories that played up the successes of the liberation struggles against the white redoubt countries as well as the international and Pan-African cooperation that allowed these successes However, the past decade has seen the continued expansion of historical inquiry into these conflicts. Both on the continent and abroad, critical archives have been opened and their documentation being woven into the historical narratives of the conflicts, such as the emergent work on the ALCORA exercises by Robert McNamara and Felipe Rebeiro de Meneses. Access to a plethora of previously unreachable or forgotten interview subjects has established new narratives of the struggles themselves, such as in the works of Joanne MacGregor, Joceylyn Alexander, Christian Williams, or Marc Thomas Howard. Topics that had not previous been studied in a systemic aaptest1@yahoo.com  way, such as African participationAAP_test@outlook.com  in the struggles against the liberation fronts or the logistics of sustaining the far-flung struggles, have been explored, establishing new bodies of knowledge about these complex conflicts. Simply put, while there have been published historical narratives and knowledge about these struggles since the days of their waging, newer work has both enhanced and expanded on these early publications and there remains more new scholarship emerging. The intent of this special issue is continuing these efforts and publishing new scholarly perspectives on the planning, waging, and inherited narratives of the struggles for the final liberation of Africa while at the same time uncovering varied aspects of these intertwined vijayalaxmi@facebook.com conflicts which have received little or no previous scholarly attention We are particularly interested in contributions exploring the following topics regarding either side of the conflict: - Internal alliances and military cooperation; - Operational planning and direct military engagements; - Recruitment, mobilization and manpower; - Veterans and demobilization; - Labor, industry and sustainment of the struggles; - Gender, masculinity, and the role of women; - Resistance, political activism and interment; - Propaganda, espionage and counterintelligence; - malivijaya975@gmail.com  External connections and interactions; - Legacy, commemoration and historical memory; The special issue will consider articles submitted in English. If you are interested in proposing a paper on these or any other topics, please contact Dr Charles Thomas  or Dr. Bafumiki Mocheregwa . Abstracts should be submitted by 30 November 2025, with completed essays due by 31 April 2026. Scholars interested in editing future special issues should contact the journal’s managing editors, Roy Doron and Charles G Thomas at doronrs@wssu.edu and  Contact Information Dr Charles Thomasor Dr. Bafumiki Mocheregwa   Contact Email  URL: https://brill.com/view/journals/jamh/jamh-overview.xml?contents=editorialcontent-62994

Compound Data Types in C
Compound data types are created from primitive data types and provides a different way to use them according to our needs. This section of C tutorial teaches you about the compound data types and how to efficiently organize and process real world data.

C Arrays
Pointer in C
C Strings
Quiz: Array | Pointers | Strings
Structures
Unions
Enumeration (or enum)
Quiz: Structure & Union

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When you buy a device, you will often see both screen size and resolution listed in the specs. The screensize is the physical measurement diagonally of the screen in inches. This is not to be confused with the resolution, which is the number of pixels on the screen often displayed as a width by height (i.e. 1024×768). Because devices with the same screen size can have very different resolutions, developers use viewports when they’re creating mobile friendly pages. Viewports are scaled down versions of resolutions that allows sites to be viewed more consistently across different devices. Viewports are often more standardized and smaller than resolution sizes.

While desktop and laptop displays are in landscape orientation (wider than tall), many mobile devices can be rotated to show websites in both landscape and portrait (taller than wide) orientations. This means that designers and developers must design for these differences.

Fasting—abstaining from eating for some period of time—is an ancient practice that is safe when not taken to extremes. Traditionally, the benefits of fasting have been both spiritual and physical. People who fast for religious reasons often report a stronger focus on spiritual matters during the fast. Physically, a simple fast lowers blood sugar, reduces inflammation, improves metabolism, clears out toxins from damaged cells and has been linked to lower risk of cancer, reduced pain from arthritis and enhanced brain function.

Intermittent fasting means dividing one's time between "eating windows" and periods of abstention on a regular basis. A common intermittent fasting schedule might restrict eating to the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., with the remaining 16 hours of the day spent fasting. But there is no specific, prescribed schedule. Some people have more or less generous eating windows, setting the rule that they will not eat after, say, 8:00 p.m.—or, on the considerably less generous side, only allowing themselves to eat every other day.

The science behind intermittent fasting is based on altering the body's metabolism. During a period without eating, insulin levels drop to the point that the body begins burning fat for fuel. Additionally, the thinking goes, by slowing the body's metabolism, you cause your appetite to drop off and thus will consume fewer calories when you resume eating.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits of intermittent fasting for weight loss. However, it's not clear that it is any more effective than simply restricting calories and following a normal eating schedule. One possible reason for the success of intermittent fasting is that most practitioners have quit the habit of eating during the late evening and night hours. Restricting eating to earlier in the day aligns better with our bodies' circadian rhythms and is less likely to cause us to store our food in fat cells. Since intermittent fasting is difficult for many people to adhere to, a wise alternative might be to consume a low-calorie Mediterranean diet and to stop the day's eating in late afternoon.

There are certain people who should not try intermittent fasting without first checking with their doctor, such those with diabetes or heart disease.

Intermittent fasting is a very "lifestyle-intensive" dietary pattern, meaning that it is challenging to maintain in the face of normal social relationships. If the rest of your family is eating while you're fasting, you might be tempted to indulge or to surrender the family-meal ritual. If your job requires you to dine with clients or colleagues, you'll find an intermittent fasting schedule difficult to maintain. Remember that the best healthy eating plan is the one you'll stick to.

Overpopulation is caused by number of factors. Reduced mortality rate, better medical facilities, depletion of precious resources are few of the causes which results in overpopulation. It is possible for a sparsely populated area to become densely populated if it is not able to sustain life.

As nations continue to come to terms with coping and finding solutions to the challenges that have beset them with the onslaught of COVID-19, the Alliance for African Partnership has established a public dialogue series with speakers including the Vice Chancellors, researchers and other relevant staff at AAP consortium universities, as well as representatives of the public and private sector, funding partners, think tanks, and NGOs, among others. Partnering with the MSU African Studies Center, the Tanzania Partnership Program, and University World News - Africa, the AAP will host a series of six virtual dialogues throughout the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic covering a variety of topics and themes. All are welcomed to attend these virtual webinars and submit questions for featured panelists.